THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC LAW DURING THE REIGN OF ABDUL MALIK IBN MARWAN (65-86 AH/685-705 AD)

Abstract

The Khilafah Institution is claimed to be a part of Islam teachings that is impeccable and certainly true, because Muslims are brethren and it is impossible among Muslims to fight over the position of Caliph. However khilafah is a political institution that is not always spotless and sacred from power struggle. Abdul Malik ibn Marwan began his political career in the Caliphate when he was appointed as governor of Medina by the Muawiyyah when he was only 16 years old. Before becoming a caliph, he was known as a ‘zuhud’ figure and was regarded as one of the ulama (scholars) of Medina. He was known as an expert on Islamic jurisprudence and a scientist who admire knowledge. Since childhood, he had memorized the Qur'an and studied directly from Usman. In addition to learning to memorize the Qur’an, he also studied hadith, fiqh, tafsir, and more. He was known for being a very intelligent person. He explored Islam from his acquaintances in depth and made Islamic laws well preserved. Unfortunately, when he became the caliph a change occurred in him. Therefore, no scientific discussion was referred from him during his caliph time.