Female Imam and Khatib: The Shifting in Worship Traditions from Progressive to Conservative in Sungai Landia, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Busyro Busyro; Arsal Arsal; Maizul Imran; Mohd Nasran Mohamad; Edi Rosman; Saiful Amin

doi:10.31958/juris.v22i1.8545

Female Imam and Khatib: The Shifting in Worship Traditions from Progressive to Conservative in Sungai Landia, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Busyro Busyro, Arsal Arsal, Maizul Imran, Mohd Nasran Mohamad, Edi Rosman, Saiful Amin

Abstract

The changes in the implementation of eid prayers in Sungai Landia by abolishing women’s rights to become imam and khatib do not necessarily eliminate the progressive sides of Sungai Landia women. This study aims at exploring the persistence of progressive sides in the transition process of eid prayer tradition from female imam and khatib to conservative fiqh provisions. This research is qualitative in nature with the main data obtained from community leaders and women from Sungai Landia. The data analysis was carried out using a descriptive method. This study concludes that the process of changing to conservative fiqh was carried out by going through the stages of fiqh scientific deepening and socialization for four years to avoid chaos in society. The community began to realize their mistake because of criticism from various parties. The criticisms were not only from the local community, but also from the ulama who were invited to give religious lectures. Sungai Landia women accepted the change with the condition that male and female congregations must still be separate in implementing eid prayers even though the imam and khatb are men. There are progressive sides that are still maintained by paying attention to aspects of gender equality and social justice to create peace in worship as evidenced by the existence of public recognition for women to be separate from men in carrying out the eid prayers.

Keywords

Female imam and khatib; Shifting; Progressive; Conservative

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdullah, M. A. (1996). Studi agama: normativitas atau historisitas? Pustaka Pelajar.

Abubakar, S., & Mutawali, M. (2020). Pandangan Amina Wadud Terhadap Perempuan Menjadi Imam Sholat Laki-Laki (Suatu Pendekatan Tafsir Hemeneutik). Schemata: Jurnal Pascasarjana IAIN Mataram, 9(1), 15–32. https://doi.org/10.20414/schemata.v9i1.1021

Açikgenç, A. (1996). The Framework for a history of Islamic Philosophy. Al-Shajarah: Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC), 1(1&2). https://journals.iium.edu.my/shajarah/index.php/shaj/article/view/177.

Açıkgenç, A. (2000). Scientific thought and its burdens: An essay in the history and philosophy of science. Fatih University Publications.

al-Naisabûri, M. ibn H. A. Y. al-Q. (n.d.). al-Musnad al-Shahîh al-Mukhtashar bi Naql al-‘Adl ilâ Rasûlillâh SAW. Dâr al-Ihyâ` al-Turâts al-‘Arabi.

Al-Tirmidzî, M. ibn ‘Îsâ. (1975). Sunan al-Tirmidzî 2. Musthafâ al-Bâbî al-Halabî.

Aminudin, A. (2019). Islam Progresif: Telaah atas Pemikiran Omid Safi. Farabi, 16(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.30603/jf.v16i2.1085

Aminudin, A. (2021). Pemikiran Abdullah Saeed Tentang Muslim Progresif Sebagai Jalan Alternatif Tantangan Era Modern. RUSYDIAH: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 2(1), 40–52. https://doi.org/10.35961/rsd.v2i1.267

Arnel. (2023). Interview. Sungai Landia.

Arrasyid, F., Pagar, Tanjung, D., & Nor, M. R. M. (2023). The Progressivity of Umar Ibn Al-Khattab’s Ijtihad in Responding to Community Social Changes. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 8(1), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v8i1.4872

Asrul. (2023). Interview. Sungai Landia.

Barat, M. P. S. (2022, February). Wagub Sumbar Kunjungi Nagari Budaya Sungai Landia. InfoPublik.Id.

Blum, A., Gavroglu, K., Joas, C., & Renn, J. (Eds.). (2012). Shifting Paradigms: Thomas S. Kuhn and the History of Science. In Proceedings of the conference “50 Years Since Structure: Towards a History of the History of Science. Max Planck Institute for the History of Science.

Bukhârî, M. ibn I. A. ‘Abdillâh al. (1422). 3al-Jâmi’ al-Musnad al-Ṣahîh al-Mukhtaṣar min Umûr Rasûlillâh SAW wa Sunanuh wa Ayyâmuh 3. Dâr al-Ṭawwâf al-Najâh.

Busyro. (2017). Female imam and khatib: The progressive tradition of gender-responsive practices in Balingka, West Sumatera. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2017.11.2.531-550

Busyro, B., Alwana, H. A., Arsal, A., Shafra, S., & Basir, G. (2022). Implementasi Islam Progresif pada Permendikbud Ristek No. 30 Tahun 2021 dalam Kajian Filsafat Hukum Islam. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 16(1), 153–168. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v16i1.6321

Busyro, Burhanuddin, N., Muassomah, M., Saka, P. A., & Wafa, M. A. (2023). The Reinforcement of the ‘Dowry for Groom’ Tradition in Customary Marriages of West Sumatra’s Pariaman Society. Samarah, 7(1), 555–578. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.15872

Chaniago, A. A. (2023). Interview. Sungai Landia.

Chigbu, U. E. (2019). Masculinity, men and patriarchal issues aside: How do women’s actions impede women’s access to land? Matters arising from a peri-rural community in Nigeria. Land Use Policy, 81, 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.10.033

Digarizki, I., & Al Anang, A. (2020). Epistemologi Thomas S. Kuhn: Kajian Teori Pergeseran Paradigma dan Revolusi Ilmiah. Jurnal Humanitas, 7(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.29408/jhm.v7i1.3285

Dzuhayatin, S. R. (2020). Gender glass ceiling in Indonesia: Manifestation, roots and theological breakthrough. Al-Jami’ah, 58(1), 209–240. https://doi.org/10.14421/AJIS.2020.581.209-240

Elfia, Sari, S. M. R., Ikhwan, Bahar, M., & Shalihin, N. (2022). Patterns for Settlement of Punah Inheritance Disputes In the Community of Nagari Salareh Aia from the Perspective of Islamic Law. Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial, 17(2), 480–505. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-Ihkam.v17i2.6246

Fadilla, A. (2023). Interview. Sungai Landia.

Fauzi Abdul Hamid, A., & Ismail, M. T. (2014). Islamist Conservatism and the Demise of Islam Hadhari in Malaysia. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 25(2), 159–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2014.880549

Guven, I. (2019). Neo-Conservative Islam and Trasition of Secular Education in Tukey. Journal for The Study of Religions and Ideologies, 18(53), 37–59. http://jsri.ro/ojs/index.php/jsri/article/view/1075

Hanbal, A. A. A. ibn M. ibn. (2001). Musnad al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal. Muassasah al-Risalah.

Heriyanto, H. (2003). Paradigma Holistik: Dialog Filsafat, Sains, dan Kehidupan Menurut Shadra dan Whitehead. Khazanah Pustaka Ilmu.

Ikhwan, Fatia, A., Suratman, J., Ramadhan, M. N., & Alfaiz. (2022). The dialectic of fiqh understanding and the female Imam-Khatib tradition in Balingka, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 12(2), 313–339. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v12i2.

Jubba, H., Awang, J., & Sungkilang, S. A. (2021). The Challenges of Islamic Organizations in Promoting Moderation in Indonesia. Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Sosial Budaya, 6(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.15575/jw.v6i1.12948

Khulaisie, R. N. (2019). Islam Progresif dan Kesetaraan Gender Menurut Pemikiran Abdullah Saeed. Muwazah Jurnal Kajian Gender, 11(1), 65–82. https://doi.org/10.28918/muwazah.v11i1.1976

Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Vol. 111). Chicago University of Chicago Press.

Maghfuri, A. (2019). Countering Conservative-Radical Understanding By Mainstreaming Moderat Islam and the Role of Educational Institution in Indonesia. Sunan Kalijaga International Journal on Islamic Educational Research, 3(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.14421/skijier.2019.2019.31.01

Maidin, M. N. (2016). Perempuan Menjadi Imam Shalat (Kajian Hukum dalam Perspektif Hadis). Al-Maiyyah, 9(1), 139–150. https://doi.org/10.35905/almaiyyah.v9i1.341

Muzani, A. (2014). Wanita Menjadi Imam Shalat, Diskursus dalam Perspektif Kesetaraan Gender. Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender, 10(1), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.21580/sa.v10i1.628

Nuha, U. (2020). Studi Tentang Pluralisme Dalam Islam Progresif di Indonesia. Dewantara, 10(2), 160–172. https://ejournal.iqrometro.co.id/index.php/pendidikan/article/view/148

Nurkhalis, N. (2012). Konstruksi Teori Paradigma Thomas S. Kuhn. Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura, 11(2), 79–99. https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v11i2.55

Palanta, A. (2020, March). Nagari Sungai Landia, IV Koto, Kabupaten Agam. Langgam.Id.

Pratama, A. I. (2019). Inovatif dan Konservatif dalam Menghadapi Era 4.0. Tantangan Guru Menyikapi Generasi Digital-Milineal. Annual Conference on Islamic Education and Social Sains (ACIEDSS), 1(1), 23–33. https://pkm.uika-bogor.ac.id/index.php/ACIEDSS/article/view/485

Qurtubi, A. ibn R. al. (n.d.). Bidayah al-Mujtahid wa Nihayah al-Muqtashid 1. al-Haramain.

Radiah. (2023). Interview. Sungai Landia.

Reskiani, A., Tenrilawa, D. F., Aminuddin, & Subha, R. (2022). Reform Methods of Islamic Inheritance Law in Indonesia in Jurisprudence. Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 21(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i1.5564

Ritzer, G. (1992). Sociology: A Multiple Paradigm Science (Sosiologi Ilmu Pengetahuan Berparadigma Ganda) (Alimandan (Ed.)). Rajawali Pers.

Rochmad, A. (2013). Gagasan Hukum Progresif Perspektif Teori Maslahah. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 7(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v7i1.572

Sahbana, M. D. R. (2022). Epistimologi paradigma dan revolusi ilmu pengetahuan Thomas Kuhn. Kanz Philosophia A Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism, 8(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.20871/kpjipm.v8i1.188

Salceda, M., Vidu, A., Aubert, A., & Roca, E. (2020). Dialogic Feminist Gatherings: Impact of the preventive socialization of gender-based violence on adolescent girls in out-of-home care. Social Sciences, 9(8), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/SOCSCI9080138

Sarifudin, S. (2019). Hukum Islam Progresif: Tawaran Teori Maslahat At-Thufi sebagai Epistemologi untuk Pembangunan Hukum Nasional di Indonesia. Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika, 3(2), 135–154. https://doi.org/10.25072/jwy.v3i2.269

Sholeh, M. A. N. (2020). Towards a Progressive Fatwa: MUI’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 20(2), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v20i2.17391

Smart, N. (1981). The Philosophy of Worldviews - That is, the Philosophy of Religion Transformed. Neue Zeitschrift Fur Systema Tische Theologie Und Religion Philosophie, 23(1), 212–224. https://doi.org/10.1515/nzst.1981.23.1.212

Sulaimân, A. D. (n.d.). Sunan Abî Dâwûd 1. Maktabah al-‘Ashriyah.

Syamsurijal. (2016). Kontroversi Imam Perempuan; Study Maudhu’iy Terhadap Hadist-Hadist Imam Perempuan dalam Shalat. Al-Fikr, 20(2), 234–255. https://doi.org/10.24252/jumdpi.v20i2.2319

Tohis, R. A. (2021). Islam Progresif dan Tan Malaka (Reposisi MADILOG Sebagai Metode Pemikiran Islam Progresif). Aqlam: Journal of Islam and Plurality, 6(2), 84–105. https://doi.org/10.30984/ajip.v6i2.1586

Trigiyatno, A. (2014). Kontroversi Perempuan Menjadi Imam Salat Di Kalangan Fukaha. Jurnal Hukum Islam, 12(1), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v12i1.527

Ulya, I., & Abid, N. (2015). Pemikiran Thomas Kuhn dan Relevansinya terhadap Keilmuan Islam. Fikrah, 3(2), 249–276. https://doi.org/10.21043/fikrah.v3i2.1797

Wahyuti, Salman, D., Bastiana, Agustang, A., Arwan, & Yani, A. (2020). Why Do People Fail to Comply with the Smoking Ban in Public Places?(The Case of Jayapura City, Indonesia). Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(10), 732–736. https://www.sysrevpharm.org/articles/why-do-people-fail-to-comply-with-the-smoking-ban-in-public-places-the-case-of-jayapura-city-indonesia.pdf

Zuhdi, M. (2018). Challenging Moderate Muslims: Indonesia’s Muslim Schools in the Midst of Religious Conservatism. Religions, 9(310), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel9100310

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/juris.v22i1.8545